Fusarium wilt tomato is found worldwide
The pathogen is soil borne and persists for many years in the soil without a host. Most infections originate from the fungus as
knot nematode infection makes Fusarium wilt-resistant varieties more susceptible to the fungus because of physiological changes in the root.
D i s e a s e d e v e l o p m e n t i s f a v o r e d b y w a r m temperatures (for example, 27–28 °C), dry weather, and
acidic soil (pH 5–5.6). Rapidly growing, highly succulent tomato plants exposed to fertilization with ammonium nitrate are especially susceptible to the disease.
The fungus can be disseminated by infected seed or by transplants grown in infested soil. The fungus can be introduced into a field on contaminated
equipment, training stakes, packing crates or shoes. Soil particles from infested fields may be blown into disease-free fields
sociated with infected tomato debris.
Symptoms of Fusarium wilt tomato
First symptoms are yellowing of the foliage, beginning with the lower leaves and working upward. Yellowing often begins on one side of the vine. Infected leaves
later show downward curling, followed by browning and drying.
The top of the vine wilts during the day and recovers at night, but wilting becomes progressively worse until
the entire vine is permanently wilted. Vascular browning can be seen in infected stems and large leaf petioles.