Mechanism of Diuretic Action of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Number of View :428Mechanism and Site of Action of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretics Proximal tubular epithelial cells are richly endowed with the zinc metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase, which is found in the luminal and basolateral membranes (type IV carbonic anhydrase, an enzyme tethered to the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage), as well as in the cytoplasm [...]
Classification of Diuretics
Number of View :224Classification of diuretics was based on a mosaic of ideas such as site of action (loop diuretics), efficacy (high-ceiling diuretics), chemical structure (thiazide diuretics), similarity of action with other diuretics (thiazide-like diuretics), and effects on K+ excretion (K+-sparing diuretics). Since the mechanism of action of each of the major classes of diuretics [...]
ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS; Antimycoses
Number of View :123Lower therapeutic ratio than antibacterial agents (less scope for selective toxicity) Be alert to underlying predisposing causes, esp. with less pathogenic fungi eg Candida (opportunistic pathogens) glucocorticoids, cytotoxics, immunodeficiency, diabetes mellitus, antibacterials, GI burden, sexual partner, zoophilic dermatophytes MYCOSES Superficial eg Epidermophyton, Trichophyton, Microsporum, Candida Subcutaneous (“deep”) eg sporotrichosis, maduromycosis Systemic eg [...]
Antihypertensive Drugs; Drug Treatment of Hypertention
Number of View :246Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). Evidence suggests that reduction of the blood pressure by 5–6 mmHg can decrease the risk of stroke by 40%, of coronary heart disease by 15–20%, and reduce the likelihood of dementia, heart failure, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. There are many classes of antihypertensives, which lower blood pressure by different means; among [...]
Drugs Used in the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction (impotence) in Men (Sildenafil)
Number of View :89Drugs Used in the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction (impotence) in Men Erectile dysfunction in men has long been the subject of research scientists. Among the substances used in the past and generally discredited are “Spanish Fly” (a bladder and urethral irritant), yohimbine (an alpah2 antagonist), nutmeg, and mixtures containing lead, arsenic, or [...]