Pharmacology

The “Triple Response” (Triple Response of Lewis)

Number of View :44The “Triple Response” (Triple Response of Lewis) Intradermal injection of histamine causes a characteristic red spot, edema, and flare response that was first described many years ago. The effect involves three separate cell types: smooth muscle in the microcirculation, capillary or venular endothelium, and sensory nerve endings. At the site of injection, [...]

Drug Resistance in Cancer Chemotherapy

Number of View :29 Drug Resistance in Cancer Chemotherapy A fundamental issue in cancer chemotherapy is the development of cellular drug resistance. Some tumor types, eg, malignant melanoma, renal cell cancer, and brain cancer, exhibit primary resistance, ie, absence of response on the first exposure, to currently available agents. The presence of inherent drug resistance is [...]

Mechanism of Diuretic Action of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

Number of View :255Mechanism and Site of Action of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretics Proximal tubular epithelial cells are richly endowed with the zinc metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase, which is found in the luminal and basolateral membranes (type IV carbonic anhydrase, an enzyme tethered to the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage), as well as in the cytoplasm [...]