Shoulder Dystocia
Number of View :71Definition § Difficulty in delivery of fetal shoulders § Failure to deliver fetal shoulder without utilizing facilitating maneuvers § Prolonged head-to-body delivery time § >60 seconds § Incidence: 0.2-3% of all live births Pathophysiology § Size discrepancy between fetal shoulders and maternal pelvic inlet § Macrosomia § Large chest:BPD § Absence of [...]
Rhesus(Rh) Disease
Number of View :71 Occurs during pregnancy when there is an incompatibility between the blood types of the mother and fetus Blood Types > A, B, O blood groups are specific types of proteins found on the surface of RBC’s > Also found in the cells and other body fluids (saliva, semen, etc) > O [...]
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)
Number of View :87 Carbohydrate intolerance of varying degree of severity with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. • Incidence 1%-2% (our country); 1%-10% (other countries) The impact of pregnancy on DM • The first half of pregnancy • Relative insulin sensitivity: insulin requirement↓ • Morning sickness: hypoglycemia • The latter half of pregnancy • [...]
ECTOPIC PREGNANCY
Number of View :120DEFINITION Any pregnancy where the fertilised ovum gets implanted & develops in a site other than normal uterine cavity. INCIDENCE >1 in 100 pregnancies. • Recent evidence indicates that the incidence of ectopic pregnancy has been rising in many countries. – USA-5 fold – UK-2 fold – France 15/1000 pregnancies – India-1in100 [...]
Amniotic Fluid Embolism (AFE)
Number of View :125Definition of AFE • AFE is a rare obstetric emergency in which amniotic fluid, fetal cells, hair, or other debris enter the maternal circulation, causing cardiorespiratory collapse. Epidemiology • The incidence of clinically detectable AFE is low • estimated to be 1 in 20,000 to 80,000 live births. • Maternal mortality approaches [...]